Muslim Mongol Ghazan Khan History 1271-1304

Muslim Mongol Ghazan Khan History 1271-1304

Hello Friends! Welcome to www.HistoricSeries.co. Who does not know the names of the Mongols and the stories of their cruelty and barbarism? You know the stories of many Mongol Khan who shed rivers of blood. And misused their power. But what a wonderful story this is of that Mongol Khan. Even while sitting on the Mongol throne, he did not oppress. Which has been a tradition for centuries. The biggest reason for the fans' interest in this khan was that he became a Muslim Mongol Ghazan Khan History 1271-1304. His story is captivating.

In today's article, we will talk about the seventh Khan Muslim Mongol Ghazan Khan History 1271-1304. of IlKhani state at the strong demand of the fans. Which turned history upside down. Ghazan Khan is often referred to as Qazan by the Tatar family. He ruled the Mongol IlKhani state in Iran from 1295 to 1304. Ghazan Khan was the son of Argun Khan and Buluhan Hatun. Who was born in 1271? He was the nephew of Geyhatu Khan and cousin of Baydu Han.

Who had previously sat on the Mongol throne? Ghazan Khan and his brother were sent away for training, where they were raised as Christians. At the same time, they became followers of Buddhism. Because it was considered an essential religion of the Mongols. Princess kökçeien is listed as Ghazan Khan's wife. The story was a bit interesting. Kökçeien was a Mongol princess from China. In 1291 Kublai Khan had ordered Marcopolo to be brought for Argun.

So that she can get married to Argun Khan. But it took so long for Marcopolo to go to China and bring the princess, and by then Argun Khan had died. Marcopolo left kökçeien and went to India via the sea of ​​Sumatra. After going through many difficult stages when he reached the IlKhani Empire around 1293 or 1294.

So he found out that Argun Khan was dead. And Geyhatu Khan is holding the throne. Marco Polo then handed the princess over to the new khan. But when Ghazan Khan ascended the throne, the princess was married to Ghazan Khan. Ghazan Khan was fluent in many languages ​​besides Chinese, Arabic, Turkish, Mongolian and Persian. He had very close relations with Westerners. He also had a keen interest in linguistics, agriculture, and painting.

These were the personal characteristics of Ghazan Khan. If you look at his achievements after coming to power, this is the top list. Before the time of Ghazan Khan, the Muslim majority in IlKhani state was being crushed in the mill of oppression. All the Khans were still promoting Buddhism. But Ghazan Khan ascended the throne in 1295 with the support of the Muslim Mongol Amir Nowruz. And overthrew his cousin Baydu Han.

At the same time, he accepted Islam. According to many traditions, he had to convert to Islam in exchange for the help of Nowruz. But according to some sources, Ghazan Khan had converted to Islam under the influence of various saints. After converting to Islam, Ghazan Khan changed his name to Mahmud. That is why he is mostly known as Mahmud Ghazan Khan. According to some sources, despite being a Muslim, Ghazan Khan continued his Mongol shamanism. And Tangri was also worshiped.

The reason for saying this was that Ghazan Khan in his time allowed the Mongol shamans to stay in the Ilkhani state. This Sultan Mahmud of Ilkhani state was on the throne in 1295. And thanks to Amir Nowruz, he became a Muslim. It is written in history that Qutbuddin Shirazi and his brother Kamaluddin Shirazi also had a big hand in the conversion of this Khan to Islam. Under his influence, Ghazni Khan converted to Islam.

During the nine-year reign of Mahmud Ghazan Khan, all the Mongols of Iran converted to Islam. This was the moment when the history of the IlKhani state was reversed. Islamic services during the reign of Ghazan Khan are also noteworthy. During his lifetime, he built mausoleums for himself in the west of Tabriz and madrassas for scholars. Steps were also taken to develop madrassas built for Sufis. But again the state began to falter.

When the differences between Amir Nowruz and Khan intensified. The reason for this was that Amir Nowruz made Islam compulsory for everyone. And burned Christian churches and Buddhist places of worship in violation of all other religions. He even killed many priests. He forbade everyone in the kingdom to wear a turban.

In response, Ghazan Khan vehemently opposed the atrocities. Ghazan Khan issued an order for Catholics to live as they used to. That is, everyone should have religious freedom. Due to these incidents, Ghazan Khan was feeling threatened by Nowruz. And to strengthen the system, Ghazn Khan captured and killed all the supporters of Nowruz. But Nowruz escaped And he took refuge with the governor of Herat. But the governor handed it over to Ghazn Khan.

After which he was killed. Ghazan Khan then violently suppressed all commanders and chiefs whom he suspected of being conspirators. He established his rule firmly. After overcoming all these conditions, Ghazan Khan made various laws to fix the economy. And looting and massacres began to be severely punished. Ghazan Khan showed great tolerance towards Shia Muslims in his time. he built many mosques and madrassas in Tabriz. But then a new problem arose. In Anatolia, the Mongol governor Sülemiş put an end to oppression and barbarism.

In 1298, Ghazn Khan raised an army of 50,000 experienced soldiers. And in 1299, Kutlukshah, the commander of Ghazan Khan, came and crushed the revolt. Within a year, the disaster was averted. But the revolt delayed Ghazn Khan's campaign against the Mamluks. Ghazan Khan was a Muslim, but he still tried to occupy Muslim lands in Syria. Ghazn Khan was one of those who allied with the Europeans against the Arabs. Because the Mamluks were their common enemy. The Armenian state had already declared allegiance to Ghazan Khan. From 1299 to 1303, Ghazan Khan constantly invaded the countries along with the Crusaders.

And it was a great war. Which continued from time to time. In 1299, Ghazn Khan actually captured Aleppo thanks to a strong alliance. And his allies defeated the Mamluks in the battle of Al-Hazendar Valley. A group of soldiers then went to Damascus. And this city was also captured. Ghazan Khan withdrew his army in late 1299 or early 1300. And gave them a break. But these moments of peace proved to be very costly.

However, Ghazn Khan left behind a contingent of 10,000 soldiers. And he promised to come back in one or two years and attack Egypt. But these soldiers were able to hold on to these lands for a while. Because when the Mamluks returned in May 1300. So they forced the army back. Then in July the Crusaders sent a navy and attacked the coasts of Egypt and Syria. However, the fleet included Henry II of Jerusalem, the King of Cyprus and his brother, the Lord of Tyre, and Ghazan Khan's special envoy. But even this navy had to return empty-handed.

There were two such incidents after that. Where matters became tenser. In the late 1300s, the ships returned to attack Tortosa. And on the island of Ruad, Ghazn Khan's army, the Mongols, was awaited. But they could not reach it due to bad weather. And the Crusaders went back. And then in 1301, 60,000 Mongols invaded Syria. So they did not work. Plans were made for a joint operation again the following winter. And then Ghazn Khan's army could not reach.

In 1303, when the Mongols arrived with 80,000 troops. So at that time, the Crusaders were defeated in Ruad. Therefore, he could not take part in this war. And only attacked the Syrian border from the sea. The Mongols and their allies then suffered a decisive defeat. He also lost the battle of Homs in March 1303 and Marja al-Saffar in April 1303. This proved to be the last Mongol invasion of Syria. However, Mahmud Ghazan Khan later sent a letter to Edward I. In which he reiterated his promise to give Jerusalem against the Mamluks for their help.

But on May 10, 1304, Ghazan Khan died. And then the Crusaders' dream of easily capturing Jerusalem came true. After Ghazan Khan, his son Olcaytu and then his son Ebu Said Bahadur and then Olcaytu's daughter Satibey became the ruler of IlKhani state. How do you like the historical story of Ghazn Khan? Be sure to let us know in the comments. Be sure to share what important historical characters you want to know about. See You Soon!